What Is Endometriosis? How Can it be Treated?

Endometriosis is a medical condition that occurs when the endometrium, or tissue that forms the lining of the uterus, grows outside of the uterus. This tissue can grow on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, bowel, or other areas within the pelvic region, causing pain, inflammation, and scarring.

Endometriosis can cause severe pelvic pain, painful periods, pain during intercourse, and infertility. Endometriosis can only be definitively diagnosed through laparoscopic surgery, a minimally invasive procedure where an endoscope, or a small telescope with a camera is inserted into the abdomen to examine the pelvic organs.

There is no definitive cure for endometriosis apart from surgically excising these endometriotic deposits. The surgery not only helps remove these deposits, but also helps to remove the scar tissue and the adhesions and thus helps reduce the pain. 

In severe cases, where the patient has completed her family, a hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) may be recommended.

There are several non surgical treatment options that can help manage the symptoms. These include:

Pain medication: Over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen can help relieve the pain associated with endometriosis.

Hormonal therapy: Hormonal therapy can help reduce the growth of these endometrial deposits. Hormonal therapy may include oral contraceptives, progestin-only pills, or a hormone-releasing intrauterine device (IUD).

It's important to note that the best course of treatment will vary depending on the individual and the severity of their symptoms. It's important to work with a healthcare provider to develop a personalised treatment plan.

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